Overview
The
supports the exchange of SIP signaling over Transport Layer Security (TLS), an IETF protocol for securing communications across an untrusted network. Normally, SIP packets travel in plain text over TCP or UDP connections. Secure SIP is a security measure that uses TLS, the successor to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol. TLS operates just above the transport layer (Layer 4) and provides peer authentication, confidentiality and message integrity.
The
supports TLS versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 with server-only authentication (in which only the server is authenticated at the TLS layer) and mutual authentication (in which both the TLS client and server are authenticated at the TLS layer). TLS is an effective measure to a number of threats including theft of service, disruption of service, compromise of confidentiality, and compromise of service integrity.
SIP over TLS may be independently configured on each hop between SIP devices. SIP transport type selection is typically configured via the IP Signaling Profile, and may also be provisioned on the SIP trunk group or identified via a DNS lookup.
Usage Scenarios and TLS Roles
The
uses SIP over TLS in several scenarios as illustrated in the figure below
.
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| 1 | SIP over TLS Usage Scenarios |
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In most scenarios, the does not support ECC certificates for TLS Handshake. Specifically, the does not support ECC certificates for TLS handshake when it acts as a TLS “server-only,” although it can support the certificates when acting as TLS client in the configured “server-and-client” role. |
The table below describes the interrelationship between each of these scenarios, the TLS role (server or client/server), and the authentication requirements.
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Usage Scenario | Usage Description | TLS Role | Authentication Requirements |
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Residential Access | Between a subscriber SIP User Agent (UA) and an SBC. | Server | Server-only authentication. This is intended for use in conjunction with authenticated SIP registration. A peer is blocked from using any services until a successful SIP registration is performed. A separate registrar is deployed to challenge and authenticate the registration; this may be a Ribbon ASX or other device. The registrar should be configured to require authentication on the registration; however the does not check or enforce this. | Enterprise Access | Between an enterprise PBX and an SBC. | Server | Mutual TLS authentication for static (non-registering) IP PBX. Server-only Authentication for registering PBX. | Inter-Carrier Peering | Between a SIP proxy or Back-to-Back User Agent (B2B UA) belonging to another administrative domain and an SBC. | Client or Server | Mutual TLS authentication. | Intra-Carrier Peering | Between an SBC and a SIP proxy or a B2B UA belonging to the same administrative domain. | Client or Server | Mutual TLS authentication |
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Deployments may involve two or more of the above scenarios and include different transports (SIP over TLS, SIP over TCP, or SIP over UDP) simultaneously on separate legs of the same signaling path.
DTLS Crypto Suites
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| MultiExcerptName | DTLS Crypto Suites |
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The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol provides authentication, data integrity, and confidentiality for communications between two applications over an Unreliable User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) provides encryption, message authentication and integrity, and replay protection to the RTP data in both unicast and multicast applications. DTLS-SRTP is an extension to the DTLS protocol, where DTLS acts as the key management protocol. DTLS protocol is also extended to negotiate the SRTP crypto suites and parameters for use with those keys. WebRTC is a signaling protocol defined for real-time communication between Web browsers. WebRTC has assigned DTLS-SRTP protocol for the media exchange between the browsers. The includes the following DTLS functionality:- Real-time communication between the web browsers by using DTLS-SRTP while inter-working with SIP networks.
- DTLS on the media path for key management for the SRTP-based media.
- The self-signed certificates to secure and authenticate DTLS associations. DTLS connections are secured by the two browsers sharing self-signed certificates as part of the media connection during a DTLS handshake between the browsers. The certificates are authenticated by checking a fingerprint, which is passed in the signaling path as part of the Session Description Protocol (SDP).
The includes DTLS crypto suites that define a set of ciphers (algorithms used for encrypting data) which allow the selection of an appropriate level of security. When a TLS connection is established, the client and server exchange information about which cipher suites they have in common. |
The following crypto suites are supported:| Multiexcerpt |
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| Authentication Mechanism | Public/Private Key Pair | Confidentiality Cipher and Mode | Integrity Cipher |
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RSA-WITH-NULL-SHA The integrity cipher used for the TLS Record protocol. | RSA | NULL | SHA-1 | RSA-WITH-AES-128-CBC-SHA (default) Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol. | RSA | AES-128-CBC | SHA-1 | RSA-WITH-AES-128-CBC-SHA-256 Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol with SHA-256 as the hash function. | RSA | AES-128-CBC | SHA-256 | RSA-WITH-AES-256-CBC-SHA Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol with AES 256 encryption. | RSA | AES-256-CBC | SHA-1 | RSA-WITH-AES-256-CBC-SHA-256* Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol with AES 256 encryption and SHA-256 as the hash function. | RSA | AES-256-CBC | SHA-256 | TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384** Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record with AES256 CBC and SHA384 as the hash function. | ECDH-ECDSA | AES-256-CBC | SHA-384 | TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384** Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record with AES256 GCM and SHA384 as the hash function. | ECDH-ECDSA | AES-256-GCM | SHA-384 | TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol using ECDHE (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key Exchange) with AES128 CBC and SHA as the hash function. | ECDHE-RSA | AES-128-CBC | SHA-1 | TLS-ECDHE-RSA-WITH-AES-256-CBC-SHA-384* Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol using ECDHE (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key Exchange) with AES256 CBC and SHA384 as the hash function. | ECDHE-RSA | AES-256-CBC | SHA-384 | TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol using ECDHE (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key Exchange) with AES128 GCM and SHA as the hash function. | ECDHE-RSA | AES-128-GCM | SHA-256 | TLS-ECDHE-RSA-WITH-AES-256-GCM-SHA-384* Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol using ECDHE (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key Exchange) with AES256 GCM and SHA384 as the hash function. | ECDHE-RSA | AES-256-GCM | SHA-384 | TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol with AES 128 GCM encryption and SHA-256 as the hash function. | RSA | AES_128_GCM | SHA256 | TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 Confidentiality cipher and mode for the TLS Record protocol with AES 256 GCM encryption and SHA-384 as the hash function. | RSA | AES_256_GCM | SHA384 |
* To use this cipher, TLS version 1.2 must be enabled in the TLS Profile. ** To use this cipher, TLS version 1.2 must be enabled in the TLS Profile and SSL certificates must be created using ECC keys. |
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| Terms used in this table: RSA – Authentication based on X.509 certificates using RSA public/private key pairs
AES-128 – Advanced Encryption Standard (128-bit key length)
CBC – Cipher Block Chaining
SHA – Secure Hash algorithm |
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| When FIPS-140-2 mode is enabled, do not use the rsa-with-null-sha option. |
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The
and its peer devices use X.509 digital certificates to authenticate themselves for TLS. Local certificates in PKSC # 12 format (attesting to the identity of the
) and remote Certificate Authority (CA) certificates may be installed on the
in a common area (/opt/sonus/external/) where they are available to TLS.